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👋 Greetings, dbt’ers! It’s Faith & Jerrie, back again to offer tactical advice on where to put tests in your pipeline.

In our first post on refining testing best practices, we developed a prioritized list of data quality concerns. We also documented first steps for debugging each concern. This post will guide you on where specific tests should go in your data pipeline.

Note that we are constructing this guidance based on how we structure data at dbt Labs. You may use a different modeling approach—that’s okay! Translate our guidance to your data’s shape, and let us know in the comments section what modifications you made.

First, here’s our opinions on where specific tests should go:

• Source tests should be fixable data quality concerns. See the callout box below for what we mean by “fixable”.
• Staging tests should be business-focused anomalies specific to individual tables, such as accepted ranges or ensuring sequential values. In addition to these tests, your staging layer should clean up any nulls, duplicates, or outliers that you can’t fix in your source system. You generally don’t need to test your cleanup efforts.
• Intermediate and marts layer tests should be business-focused anomalies resulting specifically from joins or calculations. You also may consider adding additional primary key and not null tests on columns where it’s especially important to protect the grain.

The Analytics Development Lifecycle (ADLC) is a workflow for improving data maturity and velocity. Testing is a key phase here. Many dbt developers tend to focus on primary keys and source freshness. We think there is a more holistic and in-depth path to tread. Testing is a key piece of the ADLC, and it should drive data quality.

In this blog, we’ll walk through a plan to define data quality. This will look like:

• identifying data hygiene issues
• identifying business-focused anomaly issues
• identifying stats-focused anomaly issues

Once we have defined data quality, we’ll move on to prioritize those concerns. We will:

• think through each concern in terms of the breadth of impact
• decide if each concern should be at error or warning severity

Flying home into Detroit this past week working on this blog post on a plane and saw for the first time, the newly connected deck of the Gordie Howe International bridge spanning the Detroit River and connecting the U.S. and Canada. The image stuck out because, in one sense, a feature store is a bridge between the clean, consistent datasets and the machine learning models that rely upon this data. But, more interesting than the bridge itself is the massive process of coordination needed to build it. This construction effort — I think — can teach us more about processes and the need for feature stores in machine learning (ML).

Think of the manufacturing materials needed as our data and the building of the bridge as the building of our ML models. There are thousands of engineers and construction workers taking materials from all over the world, pulling only the specific pieces needed for each part of the project. However, to make this project truly work at this scale, we need the warehousing and logistics to ensure that each load of concrete rebar and steel meets the standards for quality and safety needed and is available to the right people at the right time — as even a single fault can have catastrophic consequences or cause serious delays in project success. This warehouse and the associated logistics play the role of the feature store, ensuring that data is delivered consistently where and when it is needed to train and run ML models.

If you haven’t paid attention to the data industry news cycle, you might have missed the recent excitement centered around an open table format called Apache Iceberg™. It’s one of many open table formats like Delta Lake, Hudi, and Hive. These formats are changing the way data is stored and metadata accessed. They are groundbreaking in many ways.

But I have to be honest: I don’t care. But not for the reasons you think.

One of the most important things that dbt does is unlock the ability for teams to collaborate on creating and disseminating organizational knowledge.

In the past, this primarily looked like a team working in one dbt Project to create a set of transformed objects in their data platform.

As dbt was adopted by larger organizations and began to drive workloads at a global scale, it became clear that we needed mechanisms to allow teams to operate independently from each other, creating and sharing data models across teams — dbt Mesh.

The dbt Semantic Layer is founded on the idea that data transformation should be both flexible, allowing for on-the-fly aggregations grouped and filtered by definable dimensions and version-controlled and tested. Like any other codebase, you should have confidence that your transformations express your organization’s business logic correctly. Historically, you had to choose between these options, but the dbt Semantic Layer brings them together. This has required new paradigms for how you express your transformations though.

New in dbt: allow Snowflake Python models to access the internet

With dbt 1.8, dbt released support for Snowflake’s external access integrations further enabling the use of dbt + AI to enrich your data. This allows querying of external APIs within dbt Python models, a functionality that was required for dbt Cloud customer, EQT AB. Learn about why they needed it and how they helped build the feature and get it shipped!

At dbt Labs, we’ve always believed in meeting analytics engineers where they are. That’s why we’re so excited to announce that today, analytics engineers within the Microsoft Ecosystem can use dbt Cloud with not only Microsoft Fabric but also Azure Synapse Analytics Dedicated SQL Pools (ASADSP).

Since the early days of dbt, folks have been interested having MSFT data platforms. Huge shoutout to Mikael Ene and Jacob Mastel for their efforts back in 2019 on the original SQL Server adapters (dbt-sqlserver and dbt-mssql, respectively)

The journey for the Azure Synapse dbt adapter, dbt-synapse, is closely tied to my journey with dbt. I was the one who forked dbt-sqlserver into dbt-synapse in April of 2020. I had first learned of dbt only a month earlier and knew immediately that my team needed the tool. With a great deal of assistance from Jeremy and experts at Microsoft, my team and I got it off the ground and started using it. When I left my team at Avanade in early 2022 to join dbt Labs, I joked that I wasn’t actually leaving the team; I was just temporarily embedding at dbt Labs to expedite dbt Labs getting into Cloud. Two years later, I can tell my team that the mission has been accomplished! Kudos to all the folks who have contributed to the TSQL adapters either directly in GitHub or in the community Slack channels. The integration would not exist if not for you!

Do you ever have "bad data" dreams? Or am I the only one that has recurring nightmares? 😱

Here's the one I had last night:

It began with a midnight bug hunt. A menacing insect creature has locked my colleagues in a dungeon, and they are pleading for my help to escape . Finding the key is elusive and always seems just beyond my grasp. The stress is palpable, a physical weight on my chest, as I raced against time to unlock them.

Of course I wake up without actually having saved them, but I am relieved nonetheless. And I've had similar nightmares involving a heroic code refactor or the launch of a new model or feature.

Good news: beginning in dbt v1.8, we're introducing a first-class unit testing framework that can handle each of the scenarios from my data nightmares.

Before we dive into the details, let's take a quick look at how we got here.

Introduction​

As a solutions architect at dbt Labs, my role is to help our customers and prospects understand how to best utilize the dbt Cloud platform to solve their unique data challenges. That uniqueness presents itself in different ways - organizational maturity, data stack, team size and composition, technical capability, use case, or some combination of those. With all those differences though, there has been one common thread throughout most of my engagements: Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs). Data teams are either 1) proactively thinking about applications for it in the context of their work or 2) being pushed to think about it by their stakeholders. It has become the elephant in every single (zoom) room I find myself in.

As long as dbt Cloud has existed, it has required users to select a version of dbt Core to use under the hood in their jobs and environments. This made sense in the earliest days, when dbt Core minor versions often included breaking changes. It provided a clear way for everyone to know which version of the underlying runtime they were getting.

However, this came at a cost. While bumping a project's dbt version appeared as simple as selecting from a dropdown, there was real effort required to test the compatibility of the new version against existing projects, package dependencies, and adapters. On the other hand, putting this off meant foregoing access to new features and bug fixes in dbt.

But no more. Today, we're ready to announce the general availability of a new option in dbt Cloud: the "Latest" release track.

dbt Cloud now includes a suite of new features that enable configuring precise and unique connections to data platforms at the environment and user level. These enable more sophisticated setups, like connecting a project to multiple warehouse accounts, first-class support for staging environments, and user-level overrides for specific dbt versions. This gives dbt Cloud developers the features they need to tackle more complex tasks, like Write-Audit-Publish (WAP) workflows and safely testing dbt version upgrades. While you still configure a default connection at the project level and per-developer, you now have tools to get more advanced in a secure way. Soon, dbt Cloud will take this even further allowing multiple connections to be set globally and reused with global connections.

Cloud Data Platforms make new things possible; dbt helps you put them into production​

The original paradigm shift that enabled dbt to exist and be useful was databases going to the cloud.

All of a sudden it was possible for more people to do better data work as huge blockers became huge opportunities:

• We could now dynamically scale compute on-demand, without upgrading to a larger on-prem database.
• We could now store and query enormous datasets like clickstream data, without pre-aggregating and transforming it.

Today, the next wave of innovation is happening in AI and LLMs, and it's coming to the cloud data platforms dbt practitioners are already using every day. For one example, Snowflake have just released their Cortex functions to access LLM-powered tools tuned for running common tasks against your existing datasets. In doing so, there are a new set of opportunities available to us:

What’s in a data platform?​

Raising a dbt project is hard work. We, as data professionals, have poured ourselves into raising happy healthy data products, and we should be proud of the insights they’ve driven. It certainly wasn’t without its challenges though — we remember the terrible twos, where we worked hard to just get the platform to walk straight. We remember the angsty teenage years where tests kept failing, seemingly just to spite us. A lot of blood, sweat, and tears are shed in the service of clean data!

Once the project could dress and feed itself, we also worked hard to get buy-in from our colleagues who put their trust in our little project. Without deep trust and understanding of what we built, our colleagues who depend on your data (or even those involved in developing it with you — it takes a village after all!) are more likely to be in your DMs with questions than in their BI tools, generating insights.

When our teammates ask about where the data in their reports come from, how fresh it is, or about the right calculation for a metric, what a joy! This means they want to put what we’ve built to good use — the challenge is that, historically, it hasn’t been all that easy to answer these questions well. That has often meant a manual, painstaking process of cross checking run logs and your dbt documentation site to get the stakeholder the information they need.

Enter dbt Explorer! dbt Explorer centralizes documentation, lineage, and execution metadata to reduce the work required to ship trusted data products faster.

The problem, the builder and tooling​

The problem: My partner and I are considering buying a property in Portugal. There is no reference data for the real estate market here - how many houses are being sold, for what price? Nobody knows except the property office and maybe the banks, and they don’t readily divulge this information. The only data source we have is Idealista, which is a portal where real estate agencies post ads.

Unfortunately, there are significantly fewer properties than ads - it seems many real estate companies re-post the same ad that others do, with intentionally different data and often misleading bits of info. The real estate agencies do this so the interested parties reach out to them for clarification, and from there they can start a sales process. At the same time, the website with the ads is incentivised to allow this to continue as they get paid per ad, not per property.

The builder: I’m a data freelancer who deploys end to end solutions, so when I have a data problem, I cannot just let it go.

The tools: I want to be able to run my project on Google Cloud Functions due to the generous free tier. dlt is a new Python library for declarative data ingestion which I have wanted to test for some time. Finally, I will use dbt Core for transformation.

Summary​

We’re announcing that dbt Server is officially deprecated and will no longer be maintained by dbt Labs going forward. You can continue to use the repository and fork it for your needs. We’re also looking for a maintainer of the repository from our community! If you’re interested, please reach out by opening an issue in the repository.

Why are we deprecating dbt Server?​

At dbt Labs, we are continually working to build rich experiences that help our users scale collaboration around data. To achieve this vision, we need to take moments to think about which products are contributing to this goal, and sometimes make hard decisions about the ones that are not, so that we can focus on enhancing the most impactful ones.

dbt Server previously supported our legacy Semantic Layer, which was fully deprecated in December 2023. In October 2023, we introduced the GA of the revamped dbt Semantic Layer with significant improvements, made possible by the acquisition of Transform and the integration of MetricFlow into dbt.

The dbt Semantic Layer is now fully independent of dbt Server and operates on MetricFlow Server, a powerful new proprietary technology designed for enhanced scalability. We’re incredibly excited about the new updates and encourage you to check out our documentation, as well as this blog on how the product works.

The deprecation of dbt Server and updates to the Semantic Layer signify the evolution of the dbt ecosystem towards more focus on in product and out-of-the-box experiences around connectivity, scale, and flexibility. We are excited that you are along with us on this journey.

Picture this — you’ve got a massive dbt project, thousands of models chugging along, creating actionable insights for your stakeholders. A ticket comes your way — a model needs to be refactored! "No problem," you think to yourself, "I will simply make that change and test it locally!" You look at your lineage, and realize this model is many layers deep, buried underneath a long chain of tables and views.

“OK,” you think further, “I’ll just run a dbt build -s +my_changed_model to make sure I have everything I need built into my dev schema and I can test my changes”. You run the command. You wait. You wait some more. You get some coffee, and completely take yourself out of your dbt development flow state. A lot of time and money down the drain to get to a point where you can start your work. That’s no good!

Luckily, dbt’s defer functionality allow you to only build what you care about when you need it, and nothing more. This feature helps developers spend less time and money in development, helping ship trusted data products faster. dbt Cloud offers native support for this workflow in development, so you can start deferring without any additional overhead!

Overview​

Over the course of my three years running the Partner Engineering team at dbt Labs, the most common question I've been asked is, How do we integrate with dbt? Because those conversations often start out at the same place, I decided to create this guide so I’m no longer the blocker to fundamental information. This also allows us to skip the intro and get to the fun conversations so much faster, like what a joint solution for our customers would look like.

This guide doesn't include how to integrate with dbt Core. If you’re interested in creating a dbt adapter, please check out the adapter development guide instead.

Instead, we're going to focus on integrating with dbt Cloud. Integrating with dbt Cloud is a key requirement to become a dbt Labs technology partner, opening the door to a variety of collaborative commercial opportunities.

Here I'll cover how to get started, potential use cases you want to solve for, and points of integrations to do so.

There’s nothing quite like the feeling of launching a new product. On launch day emotions can range from excitement, to fear, to accomplishment all in the same hour. Once the dust settles and the product is in the wild, the next thing the team needs to do is track how the product is doing. How many users do we have? How is performance looking? What features are customers using? How often? Answering these questions is vital to understanding the success of any product launch.

At dbt we recently made the Semantic Layer Generally Available. The Semantic Layer lets teams define business metrics centrally, in dbt, and access them in multiple analytics tools through our semantic layer APIs. I’m a Product Manager on the Semantic Layer team, and the launch of the Semantic Layer put our team in an interesting, somewhat “meta,” position: we need to understand how a product launch is doing, and the product we just launched is designed to make defining and consuming metrics much more efficient. It’s the perfect opportunity to put the semantic layer through its paces for product analytics. This blog post walks through the end-to-end process we used to set up product analytics for the dbt Semantic Layer using the dbt Semantic Layer.

Environmental segmentation has always been an important part of the analytics engineering workflow:

• When developing new models you can process a smaller subset of your data by using target.name or an environment variable.
• By building your production-grade models into a different schema and database, you can experiment in peace without being worried that your changes will accidentally impact downstream users.
• Using dedicated credentials for production runs, instead of an analytics engineer's individual dev credentials, ensures that things don't break when that long-tenured employee finally hangs up their IDE.

Historically, dbt Cloud required a separate environment for Development, but was otherwise unopinionated in how you configured your account. This mostly just worked – as long as you didn't have anything more complex than a CI job mixed in with a couple of production jobs – because important constructs like deferral in CI and documentation were only ever tied to a single job.

But as companies' dbt deployments have grown more complex, it doesn't make sense to assume that a single job is enough anymore. We need to exchange a job-oriented strategy for a more mature and scalable environment-centric view of the world. To support this, a recent change in dbt Cloud enables project administrators to mark one of their environments as the Production environment, just as has long been possible for the Development environment.

Explicitly separating your Production workloads lets dbt Cloud be smarter with the metadata it creates, and is particularly important for two new features: dbt Explorer and the revised CI workflows.